"schonen" meaning in Middle English

See schonen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /ˈʃunən/, /ʃyːn/ [Northern] (note: with open-syllable lengthening), /ˈʃyniː/ [Southern, West-Midlands] (note: from Old English sċynian)
Etymology: Inherited from Old English sċunian, sċynian, of unclear origin; possibly derived from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- and ultimately identical to Sanskrit स्कुनाति (skunāti, “to cover”). Etymology templates: {{yesno||i|I}} I, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|enm|ang|sċunian|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old English sċunian, {{inh+|enm|ang|sċunian}} Inherited from Old English sċunian, {{yesno|1|d|D}} d, {{glossary|derived terms|derived}} derived, {{der|enm|ine-pro|*(s)kewH-|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH-, {{der+|enm|ine-pro|*(s)kewH-|nocap=1}} derived from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH-, {{cog|sa|स्कुनाति|t=to cover}} Sanskrit स्कुनाति (skunāti, “to cover”) Head templates: {{head|enm|verb|head=}} schonen, {{enm-verb|stem=schon}} schonen (third-person singular simple present schoneth, present participle schonende, schonynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle schoned) Inflection templates: {{enm-conj-wk|schon|y=0}} Forms: schoneth [present, singular, third-person], schonende [participle, present], schonynge [participle, present], schoned [first-person, indicative, participle, past, singular, third-person], no-table-tags [table-tags], schonen [infinitive], to schonen [infinitive], schone [infinitive], schone [first-person, present, singular], schoned [first-person, past, singular], schonest [present, second-person, singular], schonedest [past, second-person, singular], schoneth [present, singular, third-person], schoned [past, singular, third-person], schone [present, singular, subjunctive], schoned [past, singular, subjunctive], schone [imperative, present, singular], - [imperative, past, singular], schonen [plural, present], schone [plural, present], schoneden [past, plural], schonede [past, plural], schoneth [imperative, plural, present], schone [imperative, plural, present], - [imperative, past, plural], schonynge [participle, present], schonende [participle, present], schoned [participle, past], schone [alternative], schoune [alternative], shone [alternative], shonen [alternative], shonnen [alternative], sunen [alternative], sceonien [alternative, Early-Middle-English], schunien [alternative, Early-Middle-English], scunien [alternative, Early-Middle-English], shunenn [alternative, Ormulum], schonne [alternative, Late-Middle-English], shonne [alternative, Late-Middle-English], shunnen [alternative, Late-Middle-English], schine [alternative], schony [alternative], shenye [alternative], shony [alternative], schonye [alternative]
  1. To avoid, spurn or eschew:
    To refuse or deny; to spurn a request.
    Sense id: en-schonen-enm-verb-41J1LChF
  2. To avoid, spurn or eschew:
    To abandon or desert; to avoid being near.
    Sense id: en-schonen-enm-verb-892y5lcC
  3. To avoid, spurn or eschew:
    To flee or escape; to avoid a threat.
    Sense id: en-schonen-enm-verb-tbf-goBn
  4. To avoid, spurn or eschew:
    To shrink back in fear.
    Sense id: en-schonen-enm-verb-EYt~pokJ Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 4 entries, Pages with entries, Human behaviour Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 3 4 2 1 0 8 8 9 3 4 2 1 1 3 6 3 3 20 3 8 4 Disambiguation of Pages with 4 entries: 4 3 1 1 0 4 4 13 4 4 1 2 1 3 4 3 3 27 3 11 3 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 2 2 1 1 0 3 3 16 2 3 1 2 1 2 3 2 2 37 2 14 2 Disambiguation of Human behaviour: 2 2 2 49 25 21 0
  5. To view negatively:
    To fear; to be scared of.
    Sense id: en-schonen-enm-verb-D7AB-4A3 Categories (other): Fear Disambiguation of Fear: 0 0 0 39 57 4 0
  6. To view negatively:
    To despise or revile; to view contemptuously.
    Sense id: en-schonen-enm-verb-aO1V8Drm
  7. To protect against; to be wary of.
    Sense id: en-schonen-enm-verb-N2mNrRst
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Categories (other): Hatred Disambiguation of Hatred: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Alternative forms

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "kind": "other",
      "langcode": "enm",
      "name": "Hatred",
      "orig": "enm:Hatred",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w+disamb"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "shun"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "shun"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "schune"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "shun"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "schunne"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "shunt"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "lang_code": "enm",
      "raw_tags": [
        "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
        "uncertain"
      ],
      "word": "schonten"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "shunt"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "lang_code": "enm",
      "raw_tags": [
        "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
        "uncertain"
      ],
      "word": "schonte"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "shunt"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "lang_code": "enm",
      "raw_tags": [
        "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
        "uncertain"
      ],
      "word": "schount"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "shunt"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "lang_code": "enm",
      "raw_tags": [
        "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
        "uncertain"
      ],
      "word": "schunt"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "shunt"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "lang_code": "enm",
      "raw_tags": [
        "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
        "uncertain"
      ],
      "word": "shontt"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "shunt"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "lang_code": "enm",
      "raw_tags": [
        "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
        "uncertain"
      ],
      "word": "shunt"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "sċunian",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old English sċunian",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "sċunian"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old English sċunian",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1",
        "2": "d",
        "3": "D"
      },
      "expansion": "d",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "derived terms",
        "2": "derived"
      },
      "expansion": "derived",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)kewH-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)kewH-",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "derived from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH-",
      "name": "der+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "स्कुनाति",
        "t": "to cover"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit स्कुनाति (skunāti, “to cover”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English sċunian, sċynian, of unclear origin; possibly derived from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- and ultimately identical to Sanskrit स्कुनाति (skunāti, “to cover”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "schoneth",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schonende",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schonynge",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schoned",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schonen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to schonen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schone",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schone",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schoned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schonest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schonedest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schoneth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schoned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schone",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schoned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schone",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schonen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schone",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schoneden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schonede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schoneth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schone",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schonynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schonende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schoned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schone",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schoune",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shone",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shonen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shonnen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sunen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sceonien",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schunien",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "scunien",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shunenn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Ormulum"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schonne",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shonne",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shunnen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schine",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schony",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shenye",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shony",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schonye",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "schonen",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "stem": "schon"
      },
      "expansion": "schonen (third-person singular simple present schoneth, present participle schonende, schonynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle schoned)",
      "name": "enm-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "schon",
        "y": "0"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To avoid, spurn or eschew:",
        "To refuse or deny; to spurn a request."
      ],
      "id": "en-schonen-enm-verb-41J1LChF",
      "links": [
        [
          "avoid",
          "avoid"
        ],
        [
          "spurn",
          "spurn"
        ],
        [
          "eschew",
          "eschew"
        ],
        [
          "refuse",
          "refuse"
        ],
        [
          "deny",
          "deny"
        ],
        [
          "request",
          "request"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To avoid, spurn or eschew:",
        "To abandon or desert; to avoid being near."
      ],
      "id": "en-schonen-enm-verb-892y5lcC",
      "links": [
        [
          "avoid",
          "avoid"
        ],
        [
          "spurn",
          "spurn"
        ],
        [
          "eschew",
          "eschew"
        ],
        [
          "abandon",
          "abandon"
        ],
        [
          "desert",
          "desert"
        ],
        [
          "near",
          "near"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To avoid, spurn or eschew:",
        "To flee or escape; to avoid a threat."
      ],
      "id": "en-schonen-enm-verb-tbf-goBn",
      "links": [
        [
          "avoid",
          "avoid"
        ],
        [
          "spurn",
          "spurn"
        ],
        [
          "eschew",
          "eschew"
        ],
        [
          "flee",
          "flee"
        ],
        [
          "escape",
          "escape"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "3 4 2 1 0 8 8 9 3 4 2 1 1 3 6 3 3 20 3 8 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 3 1 1 0 4 4 13 4 4 1 2 1 3 4 3 3 27 3 11 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 2 1 1 0 3 3 16 2 3 1 2 1 2 3 2 2 37 2 14 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 2 2 49 25 21 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Human behaviour",
          "orig": "enm:Human behaviour",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To avoid, spurn or eschew:",
        "To shrink back in fear."
      ],
      "id": "en-schonen-enm-verb-EYt~pokJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "avoid",
          "avoid"
        ],
        [
          "spurn",
          "spurn"
        ],
        [
          "eschew",
          "eschew"
        ],
        [
          "shrink",
          "shrink"
        ],
        [
          "back",
          "back"
        ],
        [
          "fear",
          "fear"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 0 0 39 57 4 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Fear",
          "orig": "enm:Fear",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To view negatively:",
        "To fear; to be scared of."
      ],
      "id": "en-schonen-enm-verb-D7AB-4A3",
      "links": [
        [
          "view",
          "view"
        ],
        [
          "negatively",
          "negatively"
        ],
        [
          "fear",
          "fear"
        ],
        [
          "scare",
          "scare"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To view negatively:",
        "To despise or revile; to view contemptuously."
      ],
      "id": "en-schonen-enm-verb-aO1V8Drm",
      "links": [
        [
          "view",
          "view"
        ],
        [
          "negatively",
          "negatively"
        ],
        [
          "despise",
          "despise"
        ],
        [
          "revile",
          "revile"
        ],
        [
          "contemptuously",
          "contemptuously"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To protect against; to be wary of."
      ],
      "id": "en-schonen-enm-verb-N2mNrRst",
      "links": [
        [
          "protect",
          "protect"
        ],
        [
          "against",
          "against"
        ],
        [
          "wary",
          "wary"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈʃunən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʃyːn/",
      "note": "with open-syllable lengthening",
      "tags": [
        "Northern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈʃyniː/",
      "note": "from Old English sċynian",
      "tags": [
        "Southern",
        "West-Midlands"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "schonen"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English verbs",
    "Middle English weak verbs",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Fear",
    "enm:Hatred",
    "enm:Human behaviour"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "shun"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "shun"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "schune"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "shun"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "schunne"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "shunt"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "lang_code": "enm",
      "raw_tags": [
        "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
        "uncertain"
      ],
      "word": "schonten"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "shunt"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "lang_code": "enm",
      "raw_tags": [
        "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
        "uncertain"
      ],
      "word": "schonte"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "shunt"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "lang_code": "enm",
      "raw_tags": [
        "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
        "uncertain"
      ],
      "word": "schount"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "shunt"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "lang_code": "enm",
      "raw_tags": [
        "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
        "uncertain"
      ],
      "word": "schunt"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "shunt"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "lang_code": "enm",
      "raw_tags": [
        "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
        "uncertain"
      ],
      "word": "shontt"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "shunt"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "lang_code": "enm",
      "raw_tags": [
        "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
        "uncertain"
      ],
      "word": "shunt"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "sċunian",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old English sċunian",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "sċunian"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old English sċunian",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1",
        "2": "d",
        "3": "D"
      },
      "expansion": "d",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "derived terms",
        "2": "derived"
      },
      "expansion": "derived",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)kewH-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)kewH-",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "derived from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH-",
      "name": "der+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "स्कुनाति",
        "t": "to cover"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit स्कुनाति (skunāti, “to cover”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English sċunian, sċynian, of unclear origin; possibly derived from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- and ultimately identical to Sanskrit स्कुनाति (skunāti, “to cover”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "schoneth",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schonende",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schonynge",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schoned",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schonen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to schonen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schone",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schone",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schoned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schonest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schonedest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schoneth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schoned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schone",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schoned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schone",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schonen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schone",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schoneden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schonede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schoneth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schone",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schonynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schonende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schoned",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schone",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schoune",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shone",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shonen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shonnen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sunen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sceonien",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schunien",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "scunien",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shunenn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Ormulum"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schonne",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shonne",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shunnen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schine",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schony",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shenye",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shony",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "schonye",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "schonen",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "stem": "schon"
      },
      "expansion": "schonen (third-person singular simple present schoneth, present participle schonende, schonynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle schoned)",
      "name": "enm-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "schon",
        "y": "0"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To avoid, spurn or eschew:",
        "To refuse or deny; to spurn a request."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "avoid",
          "avoid"
        ],
        [
          "spurn",
          "spurn"
        ],
        [
          "eschew",
          "eschew"
        ],
        [
          "refuse",
          "refuse"
        ],
        [
          "deny",
          "deny"
        ],
        [
          "request",
          "request"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To avoid, spurn or eschew:",
        "To abandon or desert; to avoid being near."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "avoid",
          "avoid"
        ],
        [
          "spurn",
          "spurn"
        ],
        [
          "eschew",
          "eschew"
        ],
        [
          "abandon",
          "abandon"
        ],
        [
          "desert",
          "desert"
        ],
        [
          "near",
          "near"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To avoid, spurn or eschew:",
        "To flee or escape; to avoid a threat."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "avoid",
          "avoid"
        ],
        [
          "spurn",
          "spurn"
        ],
        [
          "eschew",
          "eschew"
        ],
        [
          "flee",
          "flee"
        ],
        [
          "escape",
          "escape"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To avoid, spurn or eschew:",
        "To shrink back in fear."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "avoid",
          "avoid"
        ],
        [
          "spurn",
          "spurn"
        ],
        [
          "eschew",
          "eschew"
        ],
        [
          "shrink",
          "shrink"
        ],
        [
          "back",
          "back"
        ],
        [
          "fear",
          "fear"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To view negatively:",
        "To fear; to be scared of."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "view",
          "view"
        ],
        [
          "negatively",
          "negatively"
        ],
        [
          "fear",
          "fear"
        ],
        [
          "scare",
          "scare"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To view negatively:",
        "To despise or revile; to view contemptuously."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "view",
          "view"
        ],
        [
          "negatively",
          "negatively"
        ],
        [
          "despise",
          "despise"
        ],
        [
          "revile",
          "revile"
        ],
        [
          "contemptuously",
          "contemptuously"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To protect against; to be wary of."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "protect",
          "protect"
        ],
        [
          "against",
          "against"
        ],
        [
          "wary",
          "wary"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈʃunən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʃyːn/",
      "note": "with open-syllable lengthening",
      "tags": [
        "Northern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈʃyniː/",
      "note": "from Old English sċynian",
      "tags": [
        "Southern",
        "West-Midlands"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "schonen"
}

Download raw JSONL data for schonen meaning in Middle English (8.9kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (6fdc867 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.